Cold neutral atoms in optical lattices by rui zhang a dissertation submitted in partial ful. Einstein condensate in one dimensional optical lattice is considered both. Quantum optical lattices for emergent manybody phases of ultracold atoms santiago f. The key feature of these systems are the complete control of the manybody systems, combined with a microscopic understanding of the underlying dynamics. Quantum gate arrays with neutral atoms in optical lattices by using ultracold atoms in a mott insulating ph ase of an optical lattice we have been able to initialize a large register of quantum. Spinorbit coupling and berry phase with ultracold atoms in 2d optical lattices artem m. Damped bloch oscillations of cold atoms in optical lattices. It makes a route through the physics of cold atoms in periodic potentials starting from the simple. With the lasers tuned below atomic resonance the atoms are cooled, and optical dipole forces trap the atoms at these sites. Strongly correlated ultracold bosonic atoms in optical.
Quantum simulation using ultracold ytterbium atoms in an. Quantum manybody dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical. Nonequilibrium dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices by david chen dissertation submitted in partial ful llment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in physics in the graduate college of the university of illinois at urbanachampaign, 2015 urbana, illinois doctoral committee. A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a hubbardregime optical lattice. Ponomarev kirensky institute of physics, 660036 krasnoyarsk, russia h. Ultracold atoms on optical lattices welcome to the ideals repository. Optical lattice is formed by the interference of counterpropagating laser beams, which creates e ective potential that traps ultracold atoms.
Probing quantum phases of ultracold atoms in optical. In the limit of very low temperatures, cavity field and atomic dynamics require a quantum description. Spinorbit coupling and berry phase with ultracold atoms. This thesis covers most of my work in the field of ultracold atoms loaded in optical lattices. Realization of the hofstadter hamiltonian with ultracold. Optical lattices contents introduction les houches predoc school on. Particles can be released from the trapping potential and their density distribution imaged after a suitable timeofflight period. This chapter provides a brief history and introduction to the. Studies of ultracold gases in optical lattices provide a means for testing fundamental and applicationoriented quantum manybody concepts of condensedmatter physics in well controllable atomic systems. A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a. Besides trapping cold atoms, optical lattices have been widely used in creating gratings and photonic crystals. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices simulating quantum manybody systems maciej lewenstein, anna sanpera, and veronica ahufinger. In this paper, we prop ose a slav eboson approach for dealing with the bose. Atoms trapped in optical lattices can be used to mimic the behavior of conduction electrons in solid state crystals.
Ultracold atoms in optical lattices precision measurements quantum information qubit quantum simulation lowdim systems 2d 1d. They have been rewarded with the 1997 nobel prize in physics for. Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms in optical lattices immanuel bloch 1 at nanokelvin temperatures, ultracold quantum. A bandstructurebased model and quantum monte carlo wave. Quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Quantum simulation using ultracold ytterbium atoms in an optical lattice 10 april 20 nara the 11th usjapan seminar y. Boseeinstein condensates in optical lattices and optical potentials, including the work of greiner et al. This method might lead to lower temperatures than existing diagonal confinement methods. In this chapter we introduce the reader to the physics of ultracold atoms trapped in crystals made of light. Dynamic optical lattices of subwavelength spacing for ultracold.
Tightbinding models for ultracold atoms in honeycomb optical lattices julen iba. This is precisely what is done in optical lattices, where the band structure of the periodic potential plays the key role. Bloch oscillations of cold atoms in twodimensional. Vexandvgx are external trapping potentials for the atom in the excited and the. Quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. Quantum optical lattices for emergent manybody phases of. Optical lattices, first developed together with laser cooling, are now a common and im. These socalled optical lattices act as versatile potential landscapes to trap ultracold quantum gases of bosons and fermions.
Combining quantum degenerate atomic gases and optical lattices allows. This book provides a complete and comprehensive overview of ultracold lattice gases as quantum simulators. We demonstrate a novel experimental arrangement which can rotate a 2d optical lattice at frequencies up to several kilohertz. Phil thesis, michaelmas 2010 ultracold atoms in optical lattices can be used to model condensed matter systems. Controlling spin exchange interactions of ultracold atoms. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices the studies of ultracold atoms constitute one of the hottest areas of atomic, molecular, and optical amo physics and quantum optics. Lukin 2 1 institute for quantum information, california institute of technology, mc 10781, pasadena, california 91125, usa. Damped bloch oscillations of cold atoms in optical lattices a. A dissipative optical lattice is achieved when a light field provides both velocity damping and spatial periodicity of the atomic density. Realization of the hofstadter hamiltonian with ultracold atoms in optical lattices m. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Optical lattices are very versatile, easily altered by changing the laser setup and the control over the quantum state of the atoms by quantum optical techniques is unprecedented. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices generated by quantized. Tightbinding models for ultracold atoms in honeycomb.
For these two classes of optical potential, the bloch oscillations were found to be qualitatively the same in the case of a weak static. The lattice experiment a theoreticians view of n produce a boseeinstein condensate of atoms in a magnetic trap n load the condensate into an optical standingwave lattice created by counterpropagating laser beams n in a 3d lattice one ends up with few atoms per lattice site in a 1d lattice one can have thousands of atoms n probe different physical regimes by varying lattice depth and inter. Osa magnetic behavior of atoms in gray optical lattices. Quantum manybody dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms in.
Correlated hopping of bosonic atoms induced by optical. Atoms are confined via a hopping integral that decreases as a function of the distance from the center of the lattice. Entangling the atoms in an optical lattice for quantum. First comprehensive book on ultracold gases in optical lattices. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices represent an ideal platform for simulations of quantum manybody problems. Quantum physics with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. We introduce the geometric properties of optical lattices using a. In the recent years ultracold atoms in optical lattices have become a unique meeting ground for simulating solid state ma. The dynamics of an ultracold dilute gas of bosonic atoms in an optical lattice can be described by a bose hubbard model where the system parameters are. Review quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical. Temperature and localization of atoms in threedimensional. Veselago lensing with ultracold atoms in an optical lattice.
Quantum simulation with cold atoms in optical lattices. In those experiments, light has two effects, firstly to attract the atoms around points located on a periodic lattice having a spatial period on the order of the optical. In the thesis, the center of mass dynamics of cold atoms and the bose. Thomson avenue, cambridge cb3 0he, united kingdom received 12 january 2011. Particularly fascinating is the possibility of using ultracold atoms in lattices to simulate condensed matter or even high energy physics. Relation to atomic parameters we now establish the relation between the model in eq. Quantum hall physics with cold atoms in cylindrical optical lattices. Cold atoms in dissipative optical lattices sciencedirect. Being able to measure these correlations is an important ingredient in studying quantum magnetism in optical lattices. In general, two detection methods are used to reveal the quantum phases of ultracold gases in optical lattices. Diffraction of an atomic sodium beam by a stationary standing wave. Cooper theory of condensed matter group, cavendish laboratory, j.
It makes a route through the physics of cold atoms in periodic potentials starting from the simple noninteracting system and going into the manybody physics that describes the strongly correlated mott insulator regime. The cases of separable and nonseparable potentials are compared by simulating the wavepacket dynamics. Lukin2 1institute for quantum information, california institute of technology, mc 10781, pasadena, california 91125, usa 2physics department, harvard university, cambridge, massachusetts 028, usa received 25 october 2002. Pdf ultracold atoms in optical lattices pedro duarte. Relativistic simulations with cold atoms 2d and 3d refocusing of atomic wavepackets imaging of e. Expanding on previous observations, we show how these modulations depend on well depth, and we derive spin temperatures for the system. The magnetization and lifetimes of atoms in gray optical lattices exhibit modulations as functions of an applied b field that are attributed to tunneling resonances between neighboring lattice wells. Bloch oscillations of cold atoms in twodimensional optical lattices are studied. Alternatively, one can image the intrap density distribution of atoms. Optical lattices consist of arrays of atoms bound by light.
We study the continuous zero temperature quantum phase transition from the superfluid to the mott insulator phase induced by varying the depth of the optical potential, where the mott insulator phase corresponds to. Observation of quantum criticality with ultracold atoms in. The dynamics of an ultracold dilute gas of bosonic atoms in an optical lattice can be described by a bosehubbard model where the system parameters are controlled by laser light. We study an ultracold gas of neutral atoms subject to the periodic optical potential generated by a highq cavity mode. Review quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices christian gross1 and immanuel bloch1,2 quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. They provide a clean, tuneable system which can be engineered to.
We propose and study various realizations of a hofstadterhubbard model on a cylinder geometry with fermionic cold atoms in optical lattices. Marko znidari c may 25, 2010 abstract in the seminar, physical principles underlying behavior of atoms in optical lattices are presented. Periodic optical potential combined with an external potential the many body hamiltonian. Correlated hopping of bosonic atoms induced by optical lattices 5 2. Atoms in an optical lattice provide an ideal quantum system where all. Bosonic atoms trapped in an optical lattice at very low temperatures, can be mo deled by the bosehubbard model. Controlling and detecting spin correlations of ultracold atoms in. Diener,3,1 iacopo carusotto,4,5 and qian niu1 1department of physics, the university of texas, austin, texas 787121081, usa 2center for nonlinear dynamics, the university of texas, austin, texas 787121081, usa 3department of physics, the ohio state university, columbus, ohio. Nippon telegraph and telephone has proposed a method for generating a largescale entangled quantum state of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice with high fidelity and short operation time. First, we explore a recently developed new confining method for cold atoms on optical lattices.
Furthermore, decoherence times in optical lattices are large compared to. Quantum simulation with cold atoms in optical lattices by yanghao chan a dissertation submitted in partial ful llment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy physics in the university of michigan 20 doctoral committee. Controlling spin exchange interactions of ultracold atoms in optical lattices l. Controlling and detecting spin correlations of ultracold. Takahashi ultimate quantum systems of light and matter control and applications. Some features of this site may not work without it. Ultracold atoms in such a rotating lattice can be used for the direct quantum simulation of strongly correlated systems under large effective magnetic fields, allowing investigation of phenomena such as the fractional quantum hall effect. They officially came to the world in 19911992, when two groups observed signals originating from atoms spatially ordered in a standing wave. Dynamics of a boseeinstein condensate in an optical lattice. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices hardcover maciej. Maschler et al ultracold atoms in optical lattices generated by quantized light. Observation of quantum criticality with ultracold atoms in optical lattices xibo zhang, chenlung hung, shihkuang tung, cheng chin quantum criticality emerges when a. They are also useful for sorting microscopic particles, and may be useful for assembling cell arrays.
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